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Eat Bread with Joy, Drink Wine with a Merry Heart

4 bytes removed, 14:59, 24 August 2022
[[File:Żydowski rok liturgiczny EN.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Agricultural and pastoral origins of Jewish holidays aligned with the months of Hebrew and Gregorian calendars]]
In the early spring (around the time of the Christian Easter), Proto-Jewish farmers celebrated the beginning of barley harvest, while sheep herders rejoiced because their ewes were having lambs. The former marked the occasion by eating unleavened bread from freshly harvested and ground barley, while the latter feasted on roast lamb. These two traditions were later combined into a week-long holiday called Passover (''Pesah'') or the Feast of Unleavened Bread, commemorating memorializing the legendary escape of the Jews from slavery in Egypt (according to the Biblical account, the fugitives used lamb blood as an identification marker and ate unleavened bread because they had no time to wait for the bread to rise). Seven weeks later (around the time of the Christian Pentecost), Jews observe the Feast of Weeks (''Shavuot''), which they mark, as I mentioned in my [[Of This Ye Shall Not Eat for It Is an Abomination#Meat and Dairy|previous post]], by consuming dairy dishes. Originally, it was an agricultural festival of the beginning of wheat harvest coupled with a pastoral festival of calving cows, which was eventually given a new meaning as commemoration a memento of Moses receiving the Pentateuch.
W środku lata świętowano początek winobrania; dziś jest to jedno z pomniejszych, ale bardzo radosnych, świąt, obchodzone jako Dzień Miłości (''Tu be-Aw''), czyli coś w rodzaju żydowskich walentynek. Natomiast początek jesieni, a zarazem pory deszczowej, to okres wielkich świąt trwających prawie cały miesiąc: żydowskiego Nowego Roku (''Rosz ha-Szana''), postnego Dnia Pojednania (''Jom Kipur'') oraz tygodniowego Święta Szałasów (''Sukkot''). Celebrowano wówczas koniec winobrania i zbiory innych owoców. Do dziś symbolami Nowego Roku są jabłko i granat, a Święta Szałasów – cytron (ze skrzyżowania cytronu z limonką powstała cytryna). To ostanie święto to także pamiątka po pasterskich przodkach Żydów – nomadach mieszkających w namiotach i szałasach.

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