Italian Greens from Italian Queens: Difference between revisions

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The word ''“garczoffy”'' – an old Polish term for artichokes (''“karczochy”'' in modern Polish) – first appeared in Marcin Siennik’s ''Herbarz'' (''Herbal''), published in 1568, which was already twelve years after Queen Bona’s departure from Poland. It stems from the Italian ''“carciofi”'', itself borrowed from the Arabic ''“al-ḵuršūf”''. The English word shares the same origin, though it retained the definite article ''“al-”'', which was later altered to ''“ar-”''.

This concludes the 16th century. The next wave of vegetable borrowings from Italian came much later. The earliest attested use of ''“szparag”'' (asparagus, from the archaic Italian ''“sparago”'') appears in a dictionary from 1605; ''“seler”'' (celery, from the dialectal Italian ''“sellero”'') is found in a 1656 epigram by Wacław Potocki; ''“kaulifior”'' (cauliflower, from Italian ''“cavolfiore”'', literally “cabbage flower”) is recorded in a dictionary from 1680; while ''“brochuł”'' (broccoli, from Italian ''“broccolo”'') and ''“kaulerapa”'' (kohlrabi, from Italian ''“cavolo rapa”'', literally “cabbage turnip”) feature in Stanisław Czerniecki’s ''Compendium Ferculorum'' from 1682. As for the Polish term for tomato – ''“pomidor”'' – it didn’t spread into Polish until the 19th century.

This concludes the 16th century. The next wave of vegetable borrowings from Italian came much later. The earliest attested use of ''“szparag”'' (asparagus, from the archaic Italian ''“sparago”'') appears in a dictionary from 1605; ''“seler”'' (celery, from the dialectal Italian ''“sellero”'') is found in a 1656 epigram by Wacław Potocki; ''“kaulifior”'' (modern Polish: ''“kalafior”'', cauliflower, from Italian ''“cavolfiore”'', literally “cabbage flower”) is recorded in a dictionary from 1680; while ''“brochuł”'' (modern Polish: ''“brokuł”'', broccoli, from Italian ''“broccolo”'') and ''“kaulerapa”'' (modern Polish: ''“kalarepa”'', kohlrabi, from Italian ''“cavolo rapa”'', literally “cabbage turnip”) feature in Stanisław Czerniecki’s ''Compendium Ferculorum'' from 1682. As for the Polish term for tomato – ''“pomidor”'' – it didn’t spread into Polish until the 19th century.

[[File:Włoszczyzna.png|thumb|Bundles of ''włoszczyzna'' (literally, “Italian stuff”), or soup vegetables, as they are commonly sold in Poland, including: carrots, parsley (root and leaves), celeriac (celery root) and leek.]] It would seem, then, that if any vegetables became widespread in Poland during Queen Bona’s time, they may have included lettuce, leeks, beans and possibly artichokes. Of these, only the leek forms part of the standard Polish set of soup vegetables – known collectively as ''włoszczyzna''. Yet in this case, it was only the name that was imported from Italy, supplanting an older Slavic term for a vegetable that was already familiar in Poland.

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 The word ''“garczoffy”'' – an old Polish term for artichokes (''“karczochy”'' in modern Polish) – first appeared in Marcin Siennik’s ''Herbarz'' (''Herbal''), published in 1568, which was already twelve years after Queen Bona’s departure from Poland. It stems from the Italian ''“carciofi”'', itself borrowed from the Arabic ''“al-ḵuršūf”''. The English word shares the same origin, though it retained the definite article ''“al-”'', which was later altered to ''“ar-”''.
-This concludes the 16th century. The next wave of vegetable borrowings from Italian came much later. The earliest attested use of ''“szparag”'' (asparagus, from the archaic Italian ''“sparago”'') appears in a&nbsp;dictionary from 1605; ''“seler”'' (celery, from the dialectal Italian ''“sellero”'') is found in a&nbsp;1656 epigram by Wacław Potocki; ''“kaulifior”'' (cauliflower, from Italian ''“cavolfiore”'', literally “cabbage flower”) is recorded in a&nbsp;dictionary from 1680; while ''“brochuł”'' (broccoli, from Italian ''“broccolo”'') and ''“kaulerapa”'' (kohlrabi, from Italian ''“cavolo rapa”'', literally “cabbage turnip”) feature in Stanisław Czerniecki’s ''Compendium Ferculorum'' from 1682. As for the Polish term for tomato – ''“pomidor”'' – it didn’t spread into Polish until the 19th century.
+This concludes the 16th century. The next wave of vegetable borrowings from Italian came much later. The earliest attested use of ''“szparag”'' (asparagus, from the archaic Italian ''“sparago”'') appears in a&nbsp;dictionary from 1605; ''“seler”'' (celery, from the dialectal Italian ''“sellero”'') is found in a&nbsp;1656 epigram by Wacław Potocki; ''“kaulifior”'' (modern Polish: ''“kalafior”'', cauliflower, from Italian ''“cavolfiore”'', literally “cabbage flower”) is recorded in a&nbsp;dictionary from 1680; while ''“brochuł”'' (modern Polish: ''“brokuł”'', broccoli, from Italian ''“broccolo”'') and ''“kaulerapa”'' (modern Polish: ''“kalarepa”'', kohlrabi, from Italian ''“cavolo rapa”'', literally “cabbage turnip”) feature in Stanisław Czerniecki’s ''Compendium Ferculorum'' from 1682. As for the Polish term for tomato – ''“pomidor”'' – it didn’t spread into Polish until the 19th century.
 [[File:Włoszczyzna.png|thumb|Bundles of ''włoszczyzna'' (literally, “Italian stuff”), or soup vegetables, as they are commonly sold in Poland, including: carrots, parsley (root and leaves), celeriac (celery root) and leek.]] It would seem, then, that if any vegetables became widespread in Poland during Queen Bona’s time, they may have included lettuce, leeks, beans and possibly artichokes. Of these, only the leek forms part of the standard Polish set of soup vegetables – known collectively as ''włoszczyzna''. Yet in this case, it was only the name that was imported from Italy, supplanting an older Slavic term for a&nbsp;vegetable that was already familiar in Poland.