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If you're still here, then I'm inviting you to yet another travel voyage and time and spice, all the way to Croton, a Greek town at the tip of the Italian boot, in the earlier half of the 5th century BCE. The town's intellectual and religious life is dominated by the sect of Pythagoreans. Yes, this is a time of celebrity mathematicians. Sadly, after '''Pythagoras''' had died, his followers were quick to turn his science into a dogmatic religion, which they observe by praying to numbers and by refraining from eating meat and legumes. Instead of elegant mathematical proofs, they're now content with "the Master said so" as an argument. A few, however, preferring to think for themselves, have managed to wriggle themselves out of the cult. Among them is '''Empedocles of Acraga''', a Greek colony on Sicily. What he's particularly interested in is the structure of matter. Earlier thinker, who lived in Ionia on the western shore of what will once be called Turkey, were trying identify the primordial substance, from which all other matter derives, proposing various specific elements: '''Thales of Miletus''' suggested water; '''Heraclitus of Ephesus''', fire; '''Xenophanes of Colophon''', earth… Empedocles, who proved the existence of air in a simple experiment with a water clock, tried to reconcile them all by proposing not one, but four primordial substances, that is, ''earth, water, air'' and ''fire''. It will take one more generation for Plato to add ''aether'' to this number, so that he can assign to each of the five elements one of the five regular polyhedra, including the recently discovered icosahedron.
<nomobile>[[File:Anagni 2.JPG|thumb|left|Yes another infographic illustrating the relations between elements and seasons (outer circles), and humours and stages of human life (inner circles enclosing a human figure). This one comes from the 13th century and can be found on the ceiling of a crypt in the cathedral of Anagni, Italy. On the wall below you can see Hippocrates (ca. 460 BCE – ca. 360370 BCE) conferring with Galen (129 CE – ca. 216 CE).]]</nomobile>
<mobileonly>[[File:Capo Colonna2 retouched.png|thumb|The single remaining standing column from the temple of Hera built in Croton in the 5th century BCE]]</mobileonly>
In the meantime, another former Pythagorean, who was born here, in Croton, is doing natural philosophy with a medical bent. Dissecting human corpses is forbidden for religious reasons, but his studies on animal eyes and brains, have led him to the conclusion that it's the brain, rather than the heart, that is the seat of mind and emotions. Similarly to the Pythagoreans, Alcmeon views the world as a constant struggle of opposites. This includes the human body, where ''warmth'' competes against ''coldness'', ''moistness'' against ''dryness'', and so forth. A balance between them all is what keep you in good health, while the predominance of any one characteristics leads to illness.